small capacity incinerators

1    Basic Plant Design    An approved plant must have four distinct sections that demonstrate three principles of Turbulence, Residence Time and Temperature are inbuilt in the plant design .The regulated sections may include but not limited to:

Overall plant layout.
Feed chamber/ charging
Primary Combustion Chamber.
Secondary Combustion Chamber.
Particulate Scrubbers
Acid Gas Scrubbers
The stack/ chimney.
2    Feeding And Charging    Controlled hygienic, mechanical or automatic feeding methods have to be used which will not influence the air temperature in the primary and secondary chambers of the incinerator negatively.

No waste is to be fed into the incinerator:

1.    Until the minimum temperatures have been reached.
2.    If the minimum combustion temperatures are not maintained.
3.    Whenever the previous charge has not been completely combusted in the case of batch feeding.

4.    Until such time as the addition of more waste will not cause the design parameters of the incinerator to be exceeded.

3    Primary Combustion Chamber    The primary combustion chamber must:

1.    Be accepted as the primary combustion zone.
2.    Be equipped with a burner/s burning gas/fuel or low sulphur liquid fuels. Other combustion methods will be judged on merits.

3.    Ensure primary air supply is controlled efficiently
4.    Ensure minimum exit temperature is not less than 850oC

4    Secondary Combustion Chamber (Afterburner).    The secondary combustion chamber must:

1.    Be accepted as secondary combustion zone.
2.    Be fitted with secondary burner/s burning gas or low sulphur liquid fuel or any suitable fuel.

3.    Ensure secondary air supply is controlled efficiently.
4.    Ensure flame contact with all gases is achieved.
5.    Ensure residence time is not less than two (2) seconds.
6.    Ensure the gas temperature as measured against the inside wall in the secondary chamber & not in the flame zone, is not less than 1100oC.

7.    Ensure the oxygen content of the emitted gases is not less than 11%.
8.    Ensure both primary and the combustion temperatures are maintained until all waste has been completely combusted

5    Particulate Removers    A mechanical particulate collector must be incorporated after secondary combustion chamber for removal of particulate pollutants entrained in the flue gas stream. The particulate collectors may include any of the following or a combination thereof:

Cyclone separator
Electrostatic precipitators
Fabric filters
6    Chimney / Stack    1.    The chimney should have a minimum height of 10 meters above ground level and clear the highest point of the building by not less than 3 meters for all roofs. The topography and height of adjacent buildings within 50 meters radius should be taken into account.

2.    If possible the chimney should be visible to the operator from the feeding area.
3.    The addition of dilution air after combustion in order to achieve the requirement of these guidelines is unacceptable.

4.    The minimum exit velocity should be 10 m/s and at least twice the surrounding wind speed (Efflux velocity = wind speed x 2) whichever is higher to ensure no down washing of exiting gases.

5.    Point for the measurement of emissions shall be provided.

7    Instrumentation    Instrument for determining the inside wall temperature and not burner flame temperature must be provided for both primary and secondary chambers.

2.    An audible and visible alarm must be installed to warn the operator when the secondary temperature drops to below the required temperature.

3.    In addition to the above the following instruments may also be required.
A carbon monoxide and/or oxygen meter/recorder
A smoke density meter/recorder
A gas flow meter/recorder
A solid particulate meter/recorder
Any other instrument or measurement that may be considered necessary

8    Location / Siting    1.    Must be sited in accordance with the relevant local municipal authority planning scheme, the topography of the area and be compatible with premises in the neighborhood,

2.    Must be housed in a suitably ventilated room.

9    Emission Limits    1.    Combustion efficiency:

Combustion efficiency (CE) shall be at least 99.00%
The Combustion efficiency is computed as follows;

C.E=             % CO2           x 100
% CO2 + CO

2.    The temperature of the primary chamber shall be 800 ± 50o C

3.    The secondary chamber  gas residence time shall be at least 1 (one) second at 1050 ± 50o C, with 3% Oxygen in the stack gas.

4    Opacity of the smoke must not exceed 20% Viewed from 50 meters with naked eyes
5.    All the emission to the air other than steam or water vapour must be odourless and free from mist, fume and droplets.

6.    The Authority may require that the certificate holder have tests carried out by an accredited institution to determine stack and/or ground level concentrations of the following substances.

Cadmium and compounds as     Cd
Mercury                                      Hg
Thallium                                     Tl

Chromium                                  Cr
Beryllium                                    Be
Arsenic                                       As
Antimony                                    Sb
Barium                                        Ba
Lead                                            Pb
Silver                                          Ag
Cobalt                                         Co
Copper                                        Cu
Manganese                                  Mn
Tin                                               Sn
Vanadium                                     V
Nickel                                           Ni
Hydrochloric                                HCL
Hydrofluoric acid                         HF
Sulphur dioxide                           S02

7.    A 99.99% destruction and removal efficiency (DRE) for each principal organic hazardous constituent (POHC) in the waste feed where:

DRE = [(Win – Wout)/Win]*100
Where: Win = mass feed rate of the POHC in the waste stream fed to incinerator, and
Wout = mass emission rate of POHC in the stack prior to the release to the atmosphere.

8.    The average dioxin and furan concentration in the emissions should not exceed 80ng/m3 total dioxins and furans if measured for a period of 6 to 16 hours.

Note:
All pollutant concentrations must be expressed at Oo C and 1.013 x 10 5 N/m2, dry gas and 11% oxygen correction.

Oxygen correction is computed as:

Es =     21 – Os    x EM
21 – OM

Where:    Es    = Calculated emission concentration at the standard percentage oxygen concentration
EM    = Measured emission concentration
Os    = Standard oxygen concentration
OM    = measured oxygen concentration

10    Operation    1.    Materials destined for incineration should be of known origin and composition and must be only incinerated in a furnace that is registered for the particular type of waste.

2.    A record must be kept of the quantity, type and origin of the waste to be incinerated.
3.    The incinerator must be preheated to working temperature before charging any waste.
4.    The incinerator must not be overcharged.
5.    The incinerator must be in good working order at all times and must not be used if any component fails. Any malfunction should be recorded in a log book and reported to the relevant authority.

6.    The incinerator operator and all relevant staff must be trained to the satisfaction of the relevant control authority.

11    Housekeeping    The site where the incinerator is built must:

1.    Have running water.
2.    Have a solid floor.
3.     Have lighting if 24hrs operation
4.    Have fly ash containerization and storage before disposal.

12    Health & Safety (Protective Gear)    1.    Staff handling waste must be well trained on safe handling of hazardous wastes
2.     Staff must be provided with appropriate  protective gear such as, gas mask, aprons, gumboots, helmets, gloves, goggles.

3.     Caution and Warning signs must be provided.
4.     Fire fighting equipment must be provided
5.     There should be no smoking or eating on the site.

Hot Sale Small Scale Waste Incinerators 30 and 50 kgs per hour capacity

Incenerator System

 

Incenerator
Supply, installation and testing of medical waste incinerator with a capacity of 75 kilograms / hour, operated by LPG and including all accessories with chimney in accordance with the technical specifications and public health regulations Item 2
Incinerators room for 3 incinerators as item 3-1-1, and waste store for keeping wastes for 7 days, including all constructions by reinforced concrete with Incenerator and store equipment, all wiring, lighting, water supply and drainage Item 1
Provide Incinerators room & waste store with fire fighting system, including sprinklers, approval of water source at site, fire alarm system contains sensors for heat & smoke, to be linked with the hospital fire alarm systems Item 1
Supply, installation & testing of ventilation system of Incenerator room & store by ROOF TOP EXHAUST FANS with HEPA FILTER, rate of change of air 5 times per hour, with ducts and air grills Item 1
Supply, installation & testing DUCTED SPLIT UNITS at waste store with sufficient capacity to maintain the internal temperature at 14 degrees Celsius in summers and winters Item 1

Watching Our Health Go Up in Smoke

medical waste incineration

The medical waste incineration industry was given birth to in the late 1980s by the confluence of two high profile media circuses: one – the HIV hysteria – and two – multiple media accounts of bags of syringes, needles, plasma bags, IV tubing, bottles of pills and even body parts washing up on the shores of some of the most popular resort beaches on the East Coast stretching from Maine to Florida. In 1987, in Indianapolis, Indiana, 12 children were found playing with HIV-infected vials of blood that came from an unsecured dumpster used by a medical clinic.

In a classic case of the cure being worse than the disease, the knee-jerk response was a widespread call to burn hospital waste so that the various avenues of incompetence, corruption and profiteering that led to dirty needles washing up on exclusive beaches could be closed down through a back door. Little thought was applied to the consequences of incineration, until plumes of black clouds began billowing from hospital complexes. Neighbors complained, air pollution research showed that those emissions were indeed dangerous and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) became involved.

Eventually the number of incinerators contracted dramatically, but in part because “centralized” incinerators became an easy solution. Hospitals washed their hands of the matter by allowing their waste to be burned in someone else’s backyard.

As a result, Stericycle, headquartered in Lake Forest, Illinois, became the king of the medical waste incineration industry, operating six large incinerators throughout the country, including one of the largest medical incinerators west of the Mississippi in the heart of the most heavily populated part of Utah, the North Salt Lake subdivision of Foxboro, a few miles from my house. Stericycle now receives the medical waste of eight surrounding states there.

The relationship between Stericycle and Foxboro has always been tense. Efforts to shutter Stericycle were launched as long as 10 years ago by a handful of citizens concerned about the toxic brew that billows out of Stericycle’s short smokestack. It’s no surprise that burning medical waste, just like burning fossil fuels or just about anything else, creates a pollution potpourri of hazardous chemicals and gases, heavy metals and particulate matter.

Indeed, citizens’ concerns are validated by hundreds of studies showing multiple adverse health outcomes among people exposed, including higher rates of cancers like childhood leukemia and adverse pregnancy outcomes that I have written about in a previous essay.

The repercussions of the toxic incinerator emissions are made even more disturbing when adding the realization that the medical waste incineration industry was born on a false premise – that hospital pathogens must be incinerated. An EPA report dating back 25 years cites numerous studies showing hospital waste presents no more risk of spreading infection than household waste – which harbors virtually all the same viruses and bacteria. In fact, according to the Society for Hospital Epidemiology of America, “Household waste contains more microorganisms with pathogenic potential for humans on average than medical waste.” So why single out medical waste? Scalpels and needles can be shredded without incineration.

Many of the toxic chemicals and heavy metals in hospital waste are not destroyed by incineration. In fact, burning medical waste is the worst possible way to manage it.

While merely landfilling is a less than perfect solution, the possibility of contamination of usable groundwater is theoretical, not a certainty. Whereas with incineration, the emissions enter the air shed we all breathe from, guaranteeing public exposure, especially for those closest to the incinerator. The ash left over from incineration may be a smaller volume than the original waste, but it is much more toxic, and eventually has to be landfilled anyway.

Incineration does not prevent disease; it actually spreads disease. Incineration not only does not remove toxins; it actually creates new ones and concentrates, mobilizes and redistributes existing ones. Emissions from incinerators are probably the most toxic type of air pollution there is, contaminated with the deadliest compounds known to science, designated by the EPA as “HAPs” (hazardous air pollutants), which includes dioxins, benzene, PAHs (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons), furans, heavy metals and radioactive elements. Medical incinerators have even more deadly compounds not found in any other source, like residuals from chemotherapy drugs and even prions, the highly infective proteins that cause the 100 percent fatal human “Mad Cow” disease (which are much more common in human tissue than previously realized, and not reliably deactivated by incineration).

State health departments and environmental agencies are fond of claiming that toxicology assessments of the concentrations of many of these toxins are small enough to be written off as “safe.” The Utah State Health Department measured dioxin levels in the soil around Stericycle and declared the levels to be below any threshold of concern. If the devil is often in the details, in this case, the devil lies in the ignorance of the details.

Those toxicology assessments ignore the biologic complexity of the exposure. Many of these toxins are bioaccumulative, meaning they build up in the human body insidiously over time, and in even higher concentrations in certain critical organs and tissues.

Lipophilic (fat-like) toxins like dioxins highly concentrate in human breast milk. Nursing infants consume 10 to 20 times as much dioxin as the average adult. No toxicology assessments are ever based on the amount of dioxins in the human breast milk of people who live near incinerators, yet that undoubtedly is where dioxins wreak their greatest havoc on public health. Nor do those assessments consider the consequences of lipophilic toxins crossing the placenta that will primarily end up in the developing fetal brain because fat comprises about 60 percent of brain structural matter, and is the primary fat reservoir in the fetus.
Recently a new documentary was released that significantly raises the stakes in the long and sorry saga of this dying industry whose flagship corporate villain is Stericycle. The film features an undercover interview with an anonymous former Stericycle employee giving a credible, extraordinarily detailed account of fraudulent, illegal management practices far beyond what prompted the criminal investigation by state and federal law enforcement. The whistle-blower alleges shocking disregard for public and employee safety by Stericycle management – including directing employees to ignore the Geiger counter giving radioactive readings of the waste and to burn it anyway. Furthermore, he stated, the Geiger counter didn’t work much of the time.

While radioactivity is an inherent part of hospital waste, one of the few appropriate provisions in Stericycle’s permit is a prohibition of burning anything radioactive, and with good reason. No amount of radiation exposure is safe. Quoting from an article in the New England Journal of Medicine, “Mutagenic effects theoretically can result from a single molecular DNA alteration . . . every molecule of a carcinogen is presumed to pose a risk.”
In fact, the medical community is now much more cautious about the radioactive burden of many of our common diagnostic tools, like CAT scans, because of this growing recognition. Even low dose radiation exposure can damage chromosomes, alter gene expression and lead to cancer, brain diseases, immune disorders, birth defects and miscarriages – all of which North Salt Lake residents believe they have experienced in excess in their neighborhoods.

The ex-employee described management deliberately rigging the company scales and ignoring their permitted weight limit, a likely reason the state caught them exceeding their dioxin limit by 400 percent. Add to this the revelation that Erin Brockovich’s investigative team found dioxin concentrations in Foxboro homes to be inversely proportional to the distance from the incinerator. The home closest to Stericycle had 17 times the level of dioxins in its attic that would be considered average for an industrial area.
Incineration is widely recognized by international health organizations as an unnecessary, dangerous means of handling waste. Over 98 percent of medical incinerators have closed in the last 15 years – leaving a handful of communities like Foxboro to take most of the “hits for the team.” Utah’s governor, Gary Herbert, could close Stericycle on the basis of necessary public health protection, but he is loath to do so because he functions under the fog of the conservative mindset, that protection of business inherently has priority.

The whole medical incineration industry was a huge mistake right from the start, but Stericycle seems to have achieved immortality simply because someone is making money from it. The gnawing outrage of Stericycle is just a microcosm of the endemic failure of countless public policies held hostage to capitalism. Science, common sense, proportion, justice and human decency get thrown under the bus initially by fear and ignorance, and held there in perpetuity by ideology, exploitation and greed. We watch the same play over and over again with a different cast, be it gun control, the wealth gap, ISIS, our war addiction, GMO labeling, chemical and pesticide dysregulation, factory farming – and of course, the climate crisis. It makes me wonder whether we are not already living on the planet of the apes.

lab biological waste incineration

1- There are more than 4000 Cubic Meter sludge are packed in Plastic Bags & stored more than 10 years
2- Cleaning and treated 2500 Cubic Meters inside the Oil Tank.
– the waste is biological and coming from lab, can be heavily hazardous in case of terror attack or epidemics or similar events.
– the input is low and occasional, the lab is used when terror or epidemy alarm occures. But occasionly incineration of human or animal carcasses can be demanded.mobile incinerator to work along with a mobile biolab for first responders.is the smallest incinerator available in the market. incinerator of capacities of 10kg/h and 20 kg/h for hospital waste.

Prepping for Ebola in Pennsylvania involves orchestra of departments

Ebola

If you call 911 about a fever and vomiting in Allegheny County, don’t be surprised if the operator asks whether you recently traveled to West Africa.

Preparing for an Ebola case to be diagnosed in Pennsylvania is an orchestra of government departments, health care entities and private businesses, conducted by state and local public health departments, with guidance and manpower from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

But dealing with the reality of an Ebola case can go very differently — missteps in Texas delayed treatment for Thomas E. Duncan, who died of the virulent disease last week.

Pennsylvania health officials are watching.

“I don’t think Texas changes on how we prepare for infectious disease outbreaks,” said Holli Senior, spokeswoman for the Pennsylvania Department of Health. “We will continue to watch, learn and adjust here in Pennsylvania as the situation evolves domestically and globally.”

The largest hospitals in Western Pennsylvania said they are prepared to treat patients with symptoms of the illness. Health giant UPMC trained special “SWAT” teams that will address Ebola cases. Allegheny County 911 operators could ask about travel before sending emergency responders to the houses of potential victims, county spokeswoman Amie Downs said.

Hazardous waste transporters who spoke with the Tribune-Review said that if a person falls ill at home, a private cleaning crew and transporter would be needed.

Contaminated materials likely would end up in an incinerator in Maryland because Pennsylvania has no incinerators for medical waste outside of hospitals, said David Henritz, owner of Bio-Haz Solutions in Lehighton in Carbon County.

It’s not clear what would happen if Maryland state officials or a company refused the medical waste.

Related: Stricter U.S. Ebola screenings to begin for travelers

“This is a complicated thing, and it’s not that anyone’s doing poor work. A lot of these players are organizations that haven’t worked together in the past,” said David Dausey, who leads preparedness drills as director of Mercyhurst University Institute of Public Health in Erie.

Many preparedness plans assume that someone would seek treatment at an urgent care clinic or emergency department.

“We’re making sure all the providers know what the checklists are. All those emergency rooms and hospitals should know what they should be doing,” said Dr. Karen Hacker, director of the Allegheny County Health Department.

Bill Smith, senior director of emergency preparedness at UPMC, said electronic medical records remind doctors and nurses to take precautions if a patient has symptoms and a travel history that suggest Ebola.

The patient would be isolated, though it could be in an exam room with a closed door and controlled access, Smith said.

“Our current thinking is that we don’t want to move anybody,” he said.

Hospitals within the Allegheny Health Network, including Allegheny General in the North Side and West Penn in Bloomfield, keep carts with special supplies ready to treat a patient with Ebola.

The carts contain items used in other functions in the hospital — face shields, goggles, extra gloves. Rather than paper gowns, there is a plastic, impermeable gown and plastic leggings. The goal is to make a liquid-proof barrier between patient and health care provider, said Dr. Robert Keenan, chief quality officer for the two hospitals.

Emergency preparedness involves steps fashioned to deal with severe acute respiratory syndrome, or SARS, avian flu or seasonal influenza, Keenan said.

Hacker said emergency providers should have appropriate safety gear if they arrive at a home with a possible Ebola case.

If someone goes to the hospital, his or her home may need to be cleaned and decontaminated. This requires a cleaning crew and the ability to transport hazardous biological waste on the highway.

“You’d pretty much have to destroy anything that person came in contact with,” said Bill Krulac, an emergency response expert with the hazardous waste management company McCutcheon Enterprises in Apollo.

Krulac said the company carries protective clothing and respirators and would remove anything in the house that came in contact with a patient’s bodily fluids. This could be sheets, a mattress and even clothes. Everything would be dunked in bleach and other cleaners and loaded onto a truck to go to an incinerator. The virus is heat-sensitive.

Staff at UPMC have been trained in intricacies such as the appropriate way to take off a hazmat suit, which starts with one ungloved hand slipping inside the suit at the shoulder and rolling it down to avoid touching the outside.

If someone dies, the body is double-wrapped in impermeable bags and taken to a crematorium, following federal guidelines, Keenan said. But the corpse of an Ebola patient is infectious, and it’s unclear what would happen if cremation companies refused.

Such weak links break an emergency response chain, said Dausey at Mercyhurst.

“If you come out and say, ‘Yeah, we were completely prepared,’ and something goes wrong, people think you lied,” he said. “If we’re prepared for the Ebola today, that’s great, but what about the Ebola of tomorrow?”

laboratory incinerator

the entire carcass of animals ( cattle , horses ,
Sheep, pigs , etc.) , as well as biologically hazardous waste
Products in the fuel stove .
? Opening Doors – the closure and fixation automated system ,
Which are managed remotely by the operator .
? designed to work in long mode and fast
Action ( Quick Start EP – i)
? Fully mobile – mounted on wheeled chassis
Even during the operation . Incinerators must be provided
As standard equipment a special truck

air retention for at least 2 seconds at a temperature of less than 850C, the combustion
In order to achieve the proper effect.
? must be a two-chamber incinerators, primary and secondary
Fuel stoves
? The waste products to reduce the initial volume
Possible to minimize (approximately 5% sterile ash
Form).

Incinerators should be provided in the fuel tank (diesel )
? The minimum capacity of the animal carcass incinerator
The destruction of 1000 kg / hour. Incinerator capacity is calculated
8MJ/kg- material and 60 % humidity.
? It must be possible to use the incinerator +40
C to – 15 0C laboratory incinerator
Temperature and 5% – 95% – of moisture conditions.
? PLC controller and a built-in temperature panelita complete
Automatic control, a control computer, which is stored
Information on the variation of temperature with respect to time and
Graphic images.
? must have fuel with automatic control and malfunction
Detection system.
?the ability to pre- warm-up , body waste burning on and off
Consistency is independent of the first and secondary chambers.
? ensuring the incinerator with electricity , it
Must be installed on the generator.
? clean the incinerator should be simple tools ,
Without using any additional equipment

Waste Management Problems in the Caribbean: How Green VI Targets these Issues

Waste Management Problems

Waste Management is a critical issue that needs to be urgently addressed in the British Virgin Islands (BVI) to ensure the protection of residents and visitors alike, and to preserve the beautiful and diverse natural environment found here.

Green VI, a local not-for-profit organization, is working towards a greener, cleaner, and healthier BVI. Their projects focus around the themes of waste, energy, water and education.

Green VI has initiated the following projects around the waste theme namely:
• A glass studio as a demonstration project to prove that waste can become a resource
• Working with partners to initiate a voluntary plastic bag ban
• Working with the BVI government and local recyclers to create a viable recycling system
• Establish pilot composting projects
• A trash to treasure program for schools
• Continuous education and awareness

Glass Studio

Glass waste is problematic in the BVI; it is estimated that 3.8 million bottles were imported into Tortola in 1996, resulting in the 1700 tons of glass received at the incinerator. Each year, the incinerator is shut down for approximately twenty days during which time the Department of Waste Staff manually chip off glass which has melted onto the incinerator walls. For the duration of time that the incinerator is shut down, incoming waste is stored or burned, resulting in further health hazards such as toxic smoke, flies, and vermin.

Although not designed to deal with all of Tortola’s glass waste, Green VI’s Glass Studio demonstrates the usefulness of old bottles. Between 200 – 400lb of glass waste collected at the restaurants in Cane Garden Bay, is melted each week in the furnace. Green VI’s team of glassblowers turns the melted glass into decorative bowls, glasses, ornaments and souvenirs. Profits from the Glass Studio will go toward supporting other environmental initiatives in the BVI.

Currently, Green VI is working on converting part of their studio equipment to run off used vegetable oil, which not only reduces vegetable oil waste and operating costs, but also produces less greenhouse gas emissions. Green VI also turns crushed bottles into sea glass by tumbling it in a concrete mixer, which makes great landscaping material. All the packaging used at the studio is made from re-purposed packaging. Old t-shirts and boxes destined for the incinerator are used as packaging material.

In addition to demonstrating waste as a resource, Green VI’s Glass Studio is instrumental as an education and awareness tool. Local apprentices are being trained in the ancient art of glass blowing. The Studio has welcomed students from all the schools in the BVI to watch “trash to treasure” in action.

Ban the plastic shopping bag

Another major concern in the Territory is plastic waste; plastic bags make up the highest percentage of litter found in the BVI, they contribute to the blocking of drains and increasing the risk of flooding, and kill marine life through strangulation and ingestion. Plastics take 1000 years to photodegrade. They break down into smaller fragments which soak up toxins. These tiny particles of plastic do not have the ability to biodegrade and contaminate soil, water and living organisms forever.

This is why Worldhouse Caribbean and Green VI, in partnership with the major retailers in the BVI, felt it necessary to initiate a voluntary plastic bag ban in the BVI. Because all the major grocery stores in the territory have signed on to this proposal of their own accord, as opposed to the government enforcing the ban through legislation, the BVI is the first British Territory in the world to voluntarily ban the plastic bag.

Plastic bags, in the ocean, look a lot like jellyfish, which are a main food source to many marine animals. Plastic bags, once ingested, create blockages within the digestive system which eventually leads to death. Bringing a reusable bag with you when grocery shopping and avoiding the new 15 cent per bag charge decreases the amount of plastic bags being littered which, in turn, decreases the amount of plastic bags in the ocean.

Trash to Treasure

Green VI, in partnership with the BVI Tourist Board, the Conservation and Fisheries Department and the Youth Empowerment Project are facilitating a school trash to treasure program to encourage the youth to see and understand the value of the materials they have around them. Participants are encouraged to enter a trash to treasure contest and winner’s art will be displayed at the Earth Day Festival in Cane Garden Bay on the 20th April 2013.

Recycling

Waste management is such a pressing issue in the BVI for many reasons; one main reason being that islands face space constraints to landfill. Green VI is currently working with the Government of the BVI and local recyclers to implement a viable recycling system for the Territory. Pilot composting projects, in partnership with the USVI Recycling Partnership, are being implemented.

Education and Awareness

Alongside other organizations in the BVI, Green VI is working towards educating the public about sustainability issues including waste and materials management. Green VI was awarded UNESCO funding in 2012 and 35 participants were trained on what sustainability is and how it can be implemented in their own organizations and collectively move toward a greener, cleaner and healthier BVI.

Biological and Pathological Waste Incinerator

Biological and Pathological Waste Incinerator is defined as human and animal remains, such as organs, animal carcasses, and solid organic wastes from hospitals, laboratories, slaughterhouses, animal pounds, and similar sources. This type of waste contains up to 85 percent moisture and not more than 5 percent incombustible solids, and has a heating value as low as 2330 kJ/kg 1,000 BTU per pound as fired.

3.5SYSTEM DESCRIPTION

•Site Work
Provide site work, structural foundations, and floor slabs as required.

•Roof Loads
Design roof purloins and beams for dead load plus an additional 0.24 kPa 5 psf uniformly distributed load and an additional 22.4 kN 5000 lb roving concentrated load plus drift factor where applicable]. Determine wind uplift forces in accordance with ASCE/SEI 7-05 Section 6 using a 100-year recurrence interval and conditions.

•Floor Loads
Provide operating floors, stairs and access platforms for operation and maintenance, designed for
4.79 kPa 100 psf live load plus dead load.
Design equipment platforms for 7.18 kPa 150 psf live load plus a concentrated load of equipment weight at installed location, plus dead load.

1.3.4 Lateral Loads
Include wind and seismic loading in the design exposure SEISMIC PROTECTION FOR MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT
Furnish equipment meeting the noise criteria specified herein through equipment design, acoustic insulation, use of inlet silencers, or other means provided under this contract.

1.3.6 Controls and Instrumentation
a.Include in control equipment and instruments, burners and fan controls, time clocks, relays, operating switches, indicating lights, gauges, motor starters, fuses, alarms, and circuit elements of the control system, and other controls and instruments necessary for unit operation, with system in accordance with the FM APP GUIDE.

b.Mount the controls and instruments on one or more free-standing control panels conveniently located to the incinerator, and placed to allow operating personnel effectively monitor incinerator operations.
Provide control system with proportioning control of the primary air supply and fuel supply to the secondary burner], and temperature indicator controllers or other indicators providing a visual indication for safe loading of the incinerator and excessive high temperature conditions which may require control by the operator.
Interlock automatic control circuit systems and manual switches to prevent hazardous conditions or the discharge of excessive amounts of air pollutants.

•Control Panel
Provide a sheet steel, weather tight panel, conforming to UL 50. Provide
NEMA 4 control panels for outdoor installations with electric strip heaters for condensation control. Flush mount all controls, instruments, and other equipment at the factory and test the assembly prior to shipment. Furnish a lock and 2 keys. All controls and instruments shall be identified with nameplates.

•Draft Gauges
Provide draft gauges conforming to ASME B40.100 with a diaphragm or bellows actuating system, a circular scale, a zero adjustment screw, and suitable shutoff cocks.

•Pressure Gauges
Provide pressure gauges conforming to ASME B40.100, pressure detecting class, single Bourdon tube style, suitable for detecting air pressure.

•Thermocouples
Provide sensors conforming to ISA MC96.1, Type K, in the combustion chamber or as otherwise directed, with a thermocouple suitable for continuous operation and control at temperatures up to 1260 degrees C 2300 degrees F accurate to 0.75 percent, of sufficient length to be inserted 150 mm 6 inches into the furnace. Provide the thermocouple with an adjustable flange and a high- temperature metal alloy, closed-end, protecting tube suitable for insertion into the furnace without support of the projecting end. Supply thirty meters one hundred feet of 1.52 mm 16- gauge compensating lead wire with a weatherproof braid for connecting the thermocouple to the instrument, so that the installed unit indicates gas passage temperatures and controls burner operation.

1.3.7 Operating Tools
Provide and locate as indicated, operating and firing tools, such as shovel or coal scoop, hoe, rake, slice bar with metal handles, regularly used for firing and cleaning incinerators, and a firing tool rack. Provide steel rack, including hooks and other appropriate means for storing the tools in a neat manner.

2.9SUBMITTALS
Owner and/or his representative approval are required for submittals. SUBMITTAL PROCEDURES:
Shop Drawings: Detail Installation Drawings
Product Data: Incinerator Controls and instrumentation Test Reports: Instrument readings.
Performance: Adjusting and Testing.
Certificates: Incinerator Operation and Maintenance Data Operating and Maintenance Instructions: Data Package.

2.10QUALITY ASSURANCE

2.10.1Asbestos Prohibition
Asbestos and asbestos-containing products are prohibited.

2.10.2Detail Installation Drawings
Submit detail installation drawings for the incinerator, foundation, stack, waste feed system, fuel burning equipment, ash removal system, flue gas cleaning system, and controls. Include in detail drawings all equipment settings and connections, complete electrical wiring, controls, and connection diagrams and indicate clearances required for maintenance and operation.

2.10.3Welding
Perform all welding in accordance with ASME BPVC SEC IX and AWS D1.1/D1.1M by welders certified to have passed qualification tests using procedures covered in AWS B2.1/B2.1M.

2.10.4Special Tools
Furnish all special tools for assembly, adjustment, setting, or maintenance of equipment specified as standard accessories.

•DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING
Protect all equipment delivered and placed in storage from the weather, humidity and temperature variations, dirt and dust, or other contaminants.

•EXTRA MATERIALS
Submit spare parts data for each different item of material and equipment specified, after approval of detail drawings, Include a complete list of parts and supplies, with current unit prices and source of supply, and a list of the spare parts recommended by the manufacturer.

PART 2 PRODUCTS

2.8MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT
Provide materials and equipment which are the standard products of a manufacturer regularly engaged in the manufacture of the product and that essentially duplicate items that have been in satisfactory use at least 2 years prior to bid opening.
a.Submit manufacturer’s product data, catalog cuts, illustrations, schedules, performance charts, instructions, brochures, diagrams, sound level data, calculations for gas retention times, combustion and air emissions data, and other information to verify compliance with requirements of the contract documents.
b.Provide each major component of equipment with the manufacturer’s name, address, type or style, model or serial number, and catalog number on a plate secured to the equipment
c.Enclose or guard belts, pulleys, chains, gears, couplings, projecting setscrews, keys, and other rotating parts located where any person may come in close proximity thereto. Guard and cover high-temperature equipment and piping located where they could endanger personnel or create a fire hazard with insulation of type specified for service.
d.Provide items such as a catwalk, stair, ladder, and guardrail where required.

2.9ELECTRICAL WORK
NOTE: Indicate the type and class of motor enclosure depending on the environment in which the motor is to be used.
Provide electrical motor-driven equipment as specified, complete with motors conforming to NEMA MG 1, motor starters, and controls, with enclosures as indicated. Provide electrical equipment, including motors and wiring with electrical characteristics as indicated or specified. Provide motor starters complete with thermal overload protection and other appurtenances
necessary for the motor control specified, and of sufficient size to drive the equipment at the
specified capacity without exceeding the nameplate rating of the motor. Provide manual or automatic control, protective or signal devices required for the operation specified, and any control wiring required for controls and devices specified but not shown.

2.10INCINERATOR
NOTE: The incinerators should be capable of burning medical waste. The composition of Type 4 waste as indicated in the following table:

WASTE VS. CONTENT

Type    Noncombustible Solids (Max % Content
by Weight)
Moisture Content (MAX)%    Heating Value J/kg
(BTU Per Pound
(Highly Combustible)
5
10
19,771,000 (8,500)

(Pathological)
5
85    2,326,000 (1,000)

The medical waste to be disposed in the incinerator is a mixture of paper, plastics, Type 4 waste, etc., and is of a widely varying nature with a Btu content which may well exceed the usually reported value of 2,326,000 J/kg (1000 Btu per pound). Prior to developing final design of the incinerator, detailed waste classification should be made, amounts of glass, metal, paper, plastics, organic, rubber, cloth, wood, moisture, etc., in the waste and the variable joule (Btu) content.  The waste stream at each installation must be analyzed and the information should be utilized for the final design.
Provide an incinerator with a solid hearth in the primary combustion chamber where partial burning and conversion of the combustible organic matter occurs, and a secondary combustion chamber that consumes the combustible gases and entrained combustible particles, with gas-tight shell construction. Provide an incinerator suitable for indoor installation including totally enclosed electric motors, and corrosion and moisture protection, and equipped for mechanical charging and operation. Incinerator shall be a complete package-type unit, factory fabricated and assembled operating under negative air pressure and ready for attachment of all utility connections.

2.6.1Type of Waste
Provide an incinerator capable of burning typical medical waste including paper, plastics of various kinds, and a small fraction of Type 4 (Pathological) waste.

2.6.2Capacity
Provide incinerator with a capacity of not less than [75] kg per hour, based on operating the incinerator no more than 8 hours continuously per day, and to be suitable for burning medical waste parts which have a water content as high as 85 percent by weight.

Provide furnace with an inside volume, exclusive of the space occupied by the refractory hearths and walls, of not less than 2 cubic meters with a primary combustion chamber volume above the burning hearth of not less than 1.5 cubic meters, Provide a complete waste burning system including combustion air fan, primary and secondary burners, air distribution and burner controls, ducts, breeching, stack, bottom ash conveyor and collection, feed rams, fire tube water tube, air compressors, slurry pumps, water pumps, fly ash collection system.

2.5OPERATING AND PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS

2.5.8Weight Reduction

Provide an incinerator capable of reducing waste to an ash not to exceed 5 percent of the total combustible charges when tested as specified.

2.5.9Stack Discharge

Provide pollution control equipment to meet all applicable emission regulations and utilize the most stringent requirements.
Typical values are as follows or less:
Carbon Monoxide (CO): 50 ppmv, 12-hour average as measured by a Continuous Emissions Monitoring System (CEMS)
Particulate Matter: 0.013 gr/dscf (30 mg/dscm) as measured by EPA Reference Method 5; Opacity: 5 percent, 3-minute average as measured by a CEMS;
Sulphur Dioxide (SO2): 45 ppmv, 12-hour average as measured by a CEMS;
Nitrogen Oxides (NOx): 210 ppmv, 12-hour average as measured by EPA Reference Method 7 Hydrogen Chloride (HCL): 42 ppmv, or 97 percent reduction, 9-hour average as measured by EPA Reference Method 26
Total Hydrocarbons: 70 ppmv, 1-hour average as measured by EPA Reference Method 25 Mercury: 210 gr/106dscf (0.47 mg/dscm) or 85 percent reduction, 12-hour average as measured by EPA Reference Method 29;
Lead: 44 gr/106dscf (0.10 mg/dscm), 12-hour average as measured by EPA Reference Method 29
Cadmium: 22 gr/106dscf (0.05 mg/dscm), 12-hour average as measured by EPA Reference Method 29;
Dioxin/Furans: 35 gr/109dscf (1.9 ng/dscm) toxic equivalency of 2, 3, 7, 8-TCDD, 12-hour average as measured by EPA Reference Method 23.
Correct all emission limits to 7 percent oxygen, dry basis. The following definitions were used above:
1-  Parts per million by volume (ppmv). 2-  Dry standard cubic feet (dscf);
3-  dry standard cubic meters (dscm); 4-  grams (gr);
5-  milligrams (mg);

2.5.10Noise
Noise level at 305 mm 1 foot from any incinerator component shall not exceed 85 dBA. Provide sound dampening devices on equipment.

2.5FURNACE CONSTRUCTION

2.5.7Primary Chamber
Construct the primary chamber with a steel casing supported by a steel frame, and provide with insulation and refractory. Make the casing with 5 mm sheet steel minimum, conforming to ASTM A1011/A1011M and reinforced to withstand internal pressures without deflection or damage to refractory or other components of the incinerator. Construct the frame and all reinforcing members of steel conforming to ASTM A36/A36M. Provide a free-standing frame capable of supporting the weight of all components of the incinerator, including doors, burners, breeching, stack connections, and appurtenant assemblies without binding or warping. Make the frame and casing of all welded construction, completed and erected prior to installation of the

refractory and insulation. Perform all welding in accordance with ASME BPVC SEC IX and AWS D1.1/D1.1M. Provide all access doors and parts with seals to prevent emission of smoke or admission of significant amounts of air during incinerator operation, and a primary chamber with no openings which would permit leakage of waste fluids.

2.5.8Secondary Chamber
Provide a secondary chamber with an exterior casing not less than 5 mm conforming to ASTM A1011/A1011M, with insulation and refractory lining of the same class, type, and thickness required for walls in the primary chamber. Allow for a minimum dwell time of 0.8 seconds for any condition within normal operating limits.

2.5.9Insulation
Provide insulation conforming to ASTM C 612, Class 5 and designed to be used with masonry or reinforced concrete or noncombustible material, with a fire resistant rating of not less than 3 hours, to prevent damage to the foundation from excessive heat. As a minimum, provide insulation thickness to limit the temperature of the outer casing to 66 degrees C 150 degrees F maximum in an ambient temperature of 21 degrees C 70 degrees F when the unit is operating at full-rated capacity. Use insulating cement conforming to ASTM C 195 or ASTM C 196.

2.5.10Refractory
Provide heat-resistant plastic super-duty fireclay refractory conforming to ASTM C 27. The minimum thickness of plastic or cast able refractory is 110 mm 4 for walls and 110 for hearths. Attach refractory walls to the casing with alloy steel or refractory anchors to form a monolithic structure which will resist heat and support the walls with a safety factor of 4. Prevent bulging and destruction of refractory due to heat stress by reinforcing, expansion joints, ties, and anchors.

2.5.11Exterior Walls
Provide 4 mm sheet steel walls reinforced with steel framing and provided with door frames and mounted on structural steel skids.

2.5.12Hearth
Provide an abrasion resistant refractory hearth constructed of heat-resistant, thermal-insulating clay conforming to ASTM C 401, Class R plastic or cast able type, high-duty class, capable of supporting not less than twice the hourly burning rate and preventing leakage of waste fluids.

2.5.13Doors
a.Provide doors for stoking, cleanout, and charging areas, with securely attached door frames. Construct doors and frames of steel conforming to ASTM A1011/A1011M. Line doors, exposed to flame or direct heat of combustion gases, with the same type and thickness of refractory and insulation used in the combustion chamber.
b.Secure refractory to the doors so as to prevent sagging. Taper refractory edges to clear door frames during movement of swinging doors. Weld alloy steel hooked bars to door cover to anchor the refractory, to enable safe operation by one person, and maintaining temperature of door handles to permit operation of doors without gloves or other protective devices.

c.Interlock charging doors with primary burners and air supply so that burner ignition shuts off and under fire air dampers close when doors open. Gasket door closure should be with non- asbestos packing.
d.Provide counter-weights for vertically operated doors requiring a maximum manual operating force of 133 N 30 pounds maximum. Provide guillotine-type doors which lift completely off the seals to affect opening. Provide full-swing-type doors with an integral smaller feed door having a minimum rectangular clear opening of 610 by 610 mm 24 by 24 inches or a minimum circular clear opening of 762 mm 30 inches diameter.] Include hasps or brackets for doors to permit locking.

•Stoking and Cleanout Doors. Provide tight fitting cleanout doors which allow access for total cleanout, visual inspection of the entire interior of the incinerator, and prevent leakage of waste fluids.

•Mechanical-Charging Doors
Provide inner and outer guillotine, or swing or automatic sliding, mechanical- charging doors type, with the inner or charging door opening with operation of the charger. Interlock the inner and outer doors to prevent simultaneous opening during incinerator operation. Insulate and line the combustion chamber door with refractory material. Construct the outer door of the same materials as the exterior casing of the incinerator. Doors shall be provided with means for manual operation.

2.4.1Observation Ports
Provide two observation ports, 75 mm 3 inches in diameter, on the charging door for viewing the primary combustion chamber during operation.
Construct observation ports of black steel or cast-iron tube or duct having a minimum thickness of 3.42 mm 10 gauges and provided with heat-resistant glass cover, or an angular steel frame and closure plate with handle, for operation without gloves or other protective devices. Extend the tube or duct from the exterior of the casing to not less than one-half the thickness of the refractory lining, and weld the frame to the casing, to provide a gas-tight refractory opening.

2.4.2Damper
Provide a controller actuated refractory lined damper which regulates secondary, under fire, and over fire air, constructed of steel conforming to ASTM A1011/A1011M, not less than 1.52 mm 16-gauge thick, operating without noise or flutter, and electric motor.

2.4.3Bypass Dampers
Construct bypass dampers to provide a leakage rate of less than 1 percent at 1.5 times the maximum operating pressure.

2.4.4Test Holes and Test Groups
Indicate and clearly identify an instrument test group near every thermocouple well to connect portable equipment to verify installed equipment.
Provide test holes, near the test group shown on the contract drawings, and fit with standard weight, 50 mm 2 inch diameter, black steel pipe welded to the casing. Extend the sleeve from the exterior of the casing to not less than one-half the thickness of the refractory lining. Form the

refractory opening from the end of the pipe sleeve to the interior wall surface to shield the end of the sleeve from reflected heat, and fit with a brass screw cap. Submit a copy of the Instrument Readings to the Contracting Officer.

2.3FLUE GAS CLEANING SYSTEM

Provide a complete flue gas cleaning system (FGC) consisting of a Powdered activated carbon injection system, and a acid gas scrubber system capable of continuous operation operation compatible with the incineration capacity and schedule specified.

2.3.1System Components
Provide each scrubber system with bulk storage silos, unloading facilities for trucks, dust control filters, mixing equipment, slurry tanks, pumps, compressors, induced draft fans, and all piping and valves necessary to provide a complete and operating system.

2.3.2Product Storage Capacity
Provide bulk storage capacity for all required products to sustain a minimum operating period of one week between deliveries.

2.3.3Adsorbers

•Access
Provide access openings at strategic locations for inspection, cleaning, and maintenance, all being a gas tight quick-opening type. Elevate the adsorbers to permit 2130 mm 7 feet access under the lowest point which would collect particulates. Locate an access door at this lowest point to permit removal of accumulated particulate; designed to open with an accumulation of material above it.

•Construction
Construct adsorber with at least 4.76 mm 3/16 inch thick steel plate, ASTM A36/A36M or ASTM A283/A283M, grades B, C, or D. Space external stiffeners as required to provide support for the vessel skin. Seal weld all structurally welded seams. Design joints to be assembled air and water tight. Design adsorber for a gas pressure of plus or minus 635 mm 25 inch water gage, or as required by the system operation, whichever is greater, and with any panel deflection not exceeding L/240.

•Gas Flow
Provide the gas inlet to each module with internal deflector plates designed to provide uniform gas distribution and velocities through the unit.

2.3.4Product Handling and Preparation System Provide a complete system to receive, store, and supply product to the spray-dry adsorbers, with the capability of supplying sufficient product for the incinerator operating at 120 percent of full load. Include in the system, but do not limit to, product storage silo complete with vibrating bin discharger, flexible connections, gravimetric feeders, attrition slaker, [lime] slurry and water Pumps, slaked product storage tank, and agitators.

2.3.5Powdered Activated Carbon
Provide powdered activated carbons (PAC) specifically made for the removal of mercury, dioxins, and furans with a high percentage of pore sizes in the 20 to 50 angstrom range, with PAC completely devolatilized.

2.3.6Pebble Quick Lime Analysis
Provide flue gas cleaning equipment capable of meeting emission requirements specified using lime

2.8.2 Burners
a.Provide LPG burners for the primary and secondary combustion chambers, with each burner as a complete assembly including fuel and control systems, and accessories.
Provide a primary burner with an input capacity capable for maintaining a minimum continuous temperature in the secondary chamber of 871 degrees C (1600 degrees F), and a minimum continuous temperature of 760 degrees C (1400 degrees F) at the roof near the exit of the primary chamber.

b.Provide electrically spark-ignited burners regulated by a variable set point indicator-controller adjustable from minus zero to 1371 degrees C (minus 17 to 2500 degrees F) to operate within the temperature limits recommended by the manufacturer.
c.Provide controllers actuated by a thermocouple or shielded bimetallic sensor, with the mounting, flame shape, and characteristics of each burner suitable for the incinerator chamber in which the burner is installed. Flame impingement on the incinerator wall is not permitted.
d.Provide each burner with FM APP GUIDE listed and approved flame
failure protection. Sight the flame safeguard sensor to detect only the burner flame for which it is designed, with burners which are easily moved out of firing position for inspection, cleaning, adjustment, and maintenance. Locate thermocouples in the primary and secondary chamber, suitable for a maximum temperature of 1260 degrees C 2300 degrees F. Provide a continuous secondary burner which modulates from high to low fire, based on the temperature of the secondary chamber. Provide an on/off firing burner in the primary chamber.

•Stack
Important: minimum height of the chimney should less than 15 meter measured from roof of top roof of incinerator room and not less than 5 meter higher than any building in distance of 1km from incinerator room, also the outlet velocity of flue gases should not less than 7 Meter per second
1Provide a sectional, circular cross section exhaust stack of the type, size, and number of sections in accordance with the requirements of the stack and refractory manufacturer to adequately support the refractory lining, permit expansion, and prevent cracking of the refractory; conforming to NFPA 211. Secure the refractory to the casing by steel anchors.
2Attach a corrosion-resistant steel spark arrestor fabricated of 1.21 mm 18-gauge, 13 mm 1/2 inch mesh wire screen to the top of the stack. Provide a corrosion-resistant steel weather cap. The

temperature of the casing shall not exceed 50 degrees C in an ambient temperature of 21 degrees C 70 degrees F. Provide adequate support for any stack installed on top of the incinerator without placing any of the load on the refractory walls of the incinerator.

•Breeching
Provide connectors to connect the incinerator to the stack unless the stack is attached directly to the incinerator, in accordance with NFPA 211.
Locate the connector at a minimum clear vertical distance of 2450 mm 8 feet above the floor.

•Draft Equipment
Provide equipment which supplies the correct amount of air to permit complete controlled combustion. Include forced draft fans, draft gauges, dampers, damper actuators, linkage, and appurtenances necessary to maintain a negative draft in primary chamber in order to provide optimum performance at all operating rates.

•Air Ducts
Introduce combustion under fire air to the primary chamber below the waste material through ducts located along the side of the hearth]. Control over fire air with automatically controlled air intake ports in the back wall, for completing combustion of combustible materials into gases, or for reducing operating temperatures.
Provide dampers to set the air for the proper burning of the waste materials. Size ducts to minimize pressure drops, constructed of sheet steel conforming to ASTM A1011/A1011M, with all seams and connections air tight.

•Fan
Provide a fan capable of delivering sufficient air for burners and not less than 150% than the required by manufacturer.
The centrifugal type with forward-curved blades, and statically and dynamically balanced fan wheels Comply with the fan standards of AMCA 99, and CID A-A-59222, centrifugal furnace fans, rated for flow rate, pressure, power, speed of rotation, and efficiency in accordance with AMCA 210. Provide induced draft fans, where required, designed for handling hot flue gas at the maximum outlet temperature of the incinerator.

2.8.7 Ash Removal
Provide the unit with provisions for automatic removal of the ash through the cleanout door upon completion of the burnout and cool-down cycles. Ash removal shall be as indicated for use with portable containers.

1.4PAINTING AND FINISHING

1.4.1Treatment
Clean the inner surfaces of the outer casing of the incinerator, the exterior surfaces of the outer casing, the control panel, and piping, except corrosion-resistant steel, to base metal for removal of oil and rust before primer is applied at the factory.

1.4.2Factory Painting
Factory paint equipment and component items with the manufacturer’s standard finish. Provide a weather resistant finish on all items located outside the building.

PART 3 EXECUTIONS

1.3EXAMINATION
After becoming familiar with all details of the work, verify dimensions in the field, and advise the Contracting Officer of any discrepancy before performing the work.

1.4MANUFACTURER’S SERVICES
Provide the services of the manufacturer’s representative experienced in the installation, adjustment, and operation of the equipment specified, who will supervise the installing, adjusting, and commissioning and compliance testing of the equipment.

1.5INSTALLATION
Install equipment and material as indicated and in accordance with manufacturer’s written instructions and NFPA 82, with combustion air supply and ventilation in accordance with NFPA 31 or NFPA 54 as applicable.

1.5.6Foundation
a.Construct the incinerator foundation using CAST-IN-PLACE CONCRETE. Extend the foundation a minimum of 1 m 3 feet beyond the incinerator on 3 sides and not less than 2.5 m 8 feet on the side where the ashes are removed. Install the incinerator in accordance with manufacturer’s written instructions.
b.Make proper provision for expansion and contraction between incinerator foundation and floor; pack the joint with suitable non-asbestos rope and fill with suitable compound that will not become soft at a temperature of 40 degrees C 100 degrees F.
c.Provide incinerator supports which permit free expansion and contraction of each portion of the incinerator without placing undue stress on any part of the incinerator or setting. Set anchor bolts accurately, and of adequate length to install the incinerator. When embedded in concrete, provide anchor bolts with plates welded on the head and protect against damage until the equipment is installed.

1.5.7Stack Support
NOTE: Indicate design wind force that the stack will have to withstand. Also include in structural design seismic resistance, and coordinate with subparagraph Lateral Loads under paragraph
Provide stack support in accordance with NFPA 82 and NFPA 211, as applicable. Provide vertical and lateral supports for exterior chimneys to withstand wind forces.