Double Combustion Chamber Containerized Mobile Incinerator

Waste Incinerator Mounted in ISO 20′ or 40′ Container before leave Factory. Regular Waste Burning Rate from 10kgs to 150kgs per hour.

Double Combustion Chamber

The incinerator design with primary combustion chamber, secondary combustion chamber(post combustion) and dry scrubber optional. This design will reduce black smoke, burn completely and Environmentally Friendly.

Free Installation

The incinerator mounted already in the container, complete with fuel system, electric system and the control case fixed already. Fix chimney and connect electric will be ready for operation.

Mobile Incinerator

Waste Incinerator Mounted in ISO 20′ or 40′ Container. It’s moveable with truck to anywhere or emergency requirement.

Containerized Incinerator

Rate: upto 150kgs per hour

Containerized Incinerator: we delivery incinerator and also container to customers, no requirement to build incineration house.

Double Combustion Chamber

Combustion Chamber: upto 1500Liters

Primary combustion for waste feeding and burning and secondary combustion to burn smoke only.

Incinerator Moveable by truck

Amount weight: 4Ton to 9Ton

Mobile function to anywhere or service to customer at their local site.

Programme on Small Scale Medical Waste Incinerators for Primary Health Care Clinics

TABLE OF CONTENTS

  1. OBJECTIVE OF THE PROGRAMME 4
  2. STRUCTURE OF THE PROGRAMME 4
  3. COLLABORATORS INVOLVED IN THE PROGRAMME 4
  4. STAKEHOLDERS INVOLVED IN THE PROGRAMME 4
  5. LABORATORY TRIALS 5
  6. FIELD TRIALS 13

 

 

 

1.     OBJECTIVE OF THE PROGRAMME

 

The objective of the programme is to select technical criteria suitable for tender specification purposes that will enable the South African Department of Health to obtain the services and equipment necessary for the primary health care clinics to carry out small-scale incineration for the disposal of medical waste.

 

2.     STRUCTURE OF THE PROGRAMME

 

The test programme is being carried out in phases, as follows:

Phase 1         A scoping study to decide the responsibility of the different parties and

consensus on the test criteria and boundaries of the laboratory tests. The criteria for accepting an incinerator on trial was approved by all parties involved.

Phase 2         Laboratory tests with a ranking of each incinerator and the selection of the incinerators to be used in the field trials.

Phase 3         Completion of field trials, to assess the effectiveness of each incinerator under field conditions.

Phase 4         Preparation of a tender specification and recommendations to the DoH for the implementation of an ongoing incineration programme.

 

This document provides feedback on phases 2 and 3 of the work.

 

 

 

3.     COLLABORATORS INVOLVED IN THE PROGRAMME

 

SA Collaborative Centre for Cold Chain Management SA National Department of Health

CSIR

Pharmaceutical Society of SA World Health Organisation UNICEF

 

 

 

4.     STAKEHOLDERS INVOLVED IN THE PROGRAMME

 

The following stakeholders participated in the steering committee:

 

  • Dept of Health (National & provincial levels) (DoH)
  • Dept of Occupational Health & Safety (National & provincial levels)
  • Dept of Environmental Affairs & Tourism (National & provincial levels) (DEAT)
  • Dept of Water Affairs & Forestry (National & provincial levels) (DWAF)
  • Dept of Labour (National & provincial levels) (DoL)
  • National Waste Management Strategy Group
  • SA Local Government Association (SALGA)
  • SA National Civics Organisation (SANCO)
  • National Education, Health and Allied Workers Union (NEHAWU)

 

 

  • Democratic Nurses Organisation of SA (DENOSA)
  • Medecins Sans Frontieres
  • SA Association of Community Pharmacists
  • Mamelodi Community Health Committee
  • Pharmaceutical Society of SA
  • CSIR
  • UNICEF
  • WHO
  • SA Federation of Hospital Engineers

 

 

International visitors:

  • Dr Luiz Diaz – WHO Geneva and International Waste Management , USA
  • Mr Joost van den Noortgate – Medecins Sans Frontieres, Belgium

 

 

 

 

5.     LABORATORY TRIALS

 

5.1.   Objective of the laboratory trials

 

  • Rank the performance of submitted units to the following criteria:

y Occupational safety

y Impact on public health from emissions

y The destruction efficiency

y The usability for the available staff

 

  • The panel of experts for the ranking consisted of a:

y Professional nurse; Mrs Dorette Kotze from the SA National Department of Health

y Emission specialist; Dr Dave Rogers from the CSIR

y Combustion Engineer; Mr Brian North from the CSIR

 

5.2.   Incinerators received for evaluation

 

Name used in report Model no. Description Manufacturer
C&S Marketing

incinerator

SafeWaste Model Turbo

2000Vi

Electrically operated fan supplies combustion air

– no auxiliary fuel

C&S Marketing cc.
Molope Gas incinerator Medcin 400 Medical

Waste Incinerator

Gas-fired incinerator Molope Integrated

Waste Management

Molope Auto incinerator Molope Auto Medical

Waste Incinerator

Auto-combust incinerator – uses wood

or coal as additional fuel to facilitate incineration

Molope Integrated

Waste Management

 

Name used in report Model no. Description Manufacturer
PaHuOy

incinerator

Turbo Stove Auto-combust unit,

using no additional fuel or forced air supply

Pa-Hu Oy

 

 

5.3.   Emission testing: laboratory method

 

Sampling of emissions followed the US-EPA Method 5G dilution tunnel method for stove emissions. Adjustments to the design were made to account for flames extending up to 0.5 m above the tip of the incinerator and the drop out of large pieces of ash. Emissions were extracted into a duct for isokinetic sampling of particulate emissions. The sampling arrangement is shown by a schematic in Figure 1. A photograph of the operation over the Molope gas fired incinerator unit is shown in Figure 2.

 

All tests were performed according to specified operating procedures. The instructions provided by the supplier of the equipment were followed in the case of the C&S Marketing Unit. No operating procedures were supplied with the Molope Gas, Molope auto-combustion and PaHuOy units. These procedures were established by the CSIR personnel using their previous experience together with information provided by the supplier.

 

Test facilities were set up at the CSIR and measurements were carried out under an ISO9001 system using standard EPA test procedures or modifications made at the CSIR.

 

 

 

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the laboratory set-up

 

 

 

 

 

Figure 2:Photograph of air intake sampling hood over Molope gas incinerator

 

 

 

5.4.   RANKING RESULTS OF THE LABORATORY TRIALS

 

Using the criteria listed under section 4.1 above, the incinerators were ranked as followed:

 

  Molope gas-fired

unit

Molope wood-fired

unit

C&S electric

unit

PaHuOy wood-fired

unit

Safety 6.8 4.8 5.5 3.3
Health 5.5 3.5 4.3 2.3
Destruction 9 2 6 1
Usability 2 3 3 5
Average 5.8 3.3 4.7 2.9

 

 

5.5.   EMISSION RESULTS OF THE LABORATORY TRIALS

 

Quantitative measurements were used to rank the units in terms of destruction efficiency and the potential to produce hazardous emissions.

 

Conformance to the South African Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism’s (DEAT) recommended guidelines on emissions from Large Scale Medical Waste Incinerators is summarized in Table 1. The measurements are listed1 in Table 2.

 

 

 

Table 1: Summary qualitative results

 

Parameter Measured Units Molope

 

Gas-fired

Molope

 

Wood-fired

C&S

 

Electric

PaHuOy

 

Wood-fired

SA DEAT

Guidelines

Stack height m × × × × 3 m above

nearest building

Gas velocity m/s × × × × 10
Residence time s × × × × 2
Minimum combustion

temperature

ºC 4 × × × > 850
Gas combustion

efficiency

% × × × × 99.99
Particulate emissions mg/Nm3 4 × 4 × 180
Cl as HCl mg/Nm3 × 4 4 × < 30
F as HF mg/Nm3 4 4 4 4 < 30
Metals mg/Nm3 4 × × 4 < 0.5 and

< 0.05

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1 Emission concentrations are reported in accordance with the South African reporting requirements, ie, normalized to Normal Temperature (0

oC) and Pressure (101.3 kPa) and corrected to a nominal concentration of

8 % of CO2 on a dry gas basis. If a measurement fell below the detection limit for the method is it either reported as the detection limit or as N.D., ie, not detectable.

 

 

Table 2: Detailed quantitative results

 

 

Parameter Measured *

 

Units

 

Molope gas

 

Molope auto

 

C&S

 

PaHuOy

 

SA Process Guide1

 

Comments

 

Stack height

 

m

 

1.8

 

1.8

 

1.9

 

0.3

 

3 m above nearest building

 

None of these unite has a stack. The height of the exhaust vent is taken as the stack height. If it is above the respiration zone of the operator it provides some protection from exposure to smoke.

 

Gas velocity

 

m/s

 

0.8

 

0.5

 

1.1

 

0.5

 

10

 

Gas velocities vary across the stack for the Molope gas, Molope auto-combustion, and the PaHuOy units.

 

Residence time

 

s

 

0.4

 

0.7

 

0.6

 

0.4

 

2

 

Residence time is taken to be the total combustion time, and the maximum achievable

 

Minimum combustion zone temperature

oC  

800 -900

 

400 – 650

 

600 – 800

 

500 – 700

 

> 850

 

Molope auto-combustion temperatures are expected to be higher as the centre of the combustion zone is not expected to be at the measurement location.

 

CO2 at the stack tip

 

% vol

 

2.64

 

3.75

 

4.9

 

3.25

 

8.0

 

Actual emission concentrations are less than the values reported here, which are normalized to 8 % CO2 and Normal temperature and pressure for reporting purposes. They are lower between 4 to 8 times.

 

Gas

 

%

 

99.91-

 

98.8 -98.4

 

99.69-

 

98.9

 

99.99

 

Most accurate measurement in

Combustion 99.70 99.03 the duct where mixing of exhaust
efficiency gases is complete. Results of two

trials.

 

Particulate emissions entrained in exhaust gas

mg/Nm3  

102

 

197

 

130

 

338

 

180

 

The total emissions are the sum of the both entrained and un- entrained particulates. Emissions are lower than expected for such units and this is attributed to the absence of raking which is the major source of particulate emissions from incinerators without an emission control

system.

 

Particulate fall- out

mg/Nm3  

42

 

105

 

n.d.

 

n.d.

 

 

Large pieces of paper and cardboard ash rained out of the emissions. Totalling 0.8 to 2 g over a +/- 2 minute period.

 

Soot in particulates

 

%

 

42.2

 

58.1

 

48.7

 

84.8

 

 

Correlates directly with gas combustion efficiency

 

1 Emission concentrations are reported in accordance with the South African reporting requirements, ie, Normalized to Normal Temperature (0

oC) and Pressure (101.3 kPa) and corrected to a nominal concentration of

8 % of CO2 on a dry gas basis. If a measurement fell below the detection limit for the method is it either reported as the detection limit or as N.D., ie, not detectable.

 

 

Parameter Measured *

 

Units

 

Molope gas

 

Molope auto

 

C&S

 

PaHuOy

 

SA Process Guide1

 

Comments

 

% ash residual from medical waste

 

%

 

14.8

 

12.9

 

15.6

 

21.7

 

 

Measurement of destruction efficiency of the incinerator. Typical commercial units operate at 85-90 % mass reduction. PaHuOy is lower due to the melting and unburnt plastic.

 

Cl as HCl

mg/Nm3  

46

 

13

 

25

 

35 & 542

 

< 30

 

PaHuOy chloride concentrations varied considerably. This is expected due to the variability of the feed composition.

 

F as HF

mg/Nm3  

< 6

 

< 1

 

<2

 

< 1

 

< 30

 

Fluoride not found in this waste.

 

Arsenic (As)

mg/Nm3  

< 0.2

 

< 0.2

 

< 0.2

 

< 0.2

 

0.5

 

Arsenic is not expected as a solid.

 

Lead (Pb)

mg/Nm3  

< 0.4

 

< 0.4

 

< 0.4

 

< 0.4

 

0.5

 

Lead not expected in waste

 

Cadmium (Cd)

mg/Nm3  

< 0.2

 

< 0.2

 

< 0.2

 

< 0.2

 

0.05

 

Sensitivity of the x-ray method is adequate for ranking. Higher sensitivity not sought for this trial.

 

Chromium (Cr)

mg/Nm3  

< 0.1

 

0.7

 

0.7

 

< 0.1.

 

0.5

 

Chromium relative to iron ranges between 12 and 25% which is consistent with stainless steel needles

 

Manganese (Mn)

mg/Nm3  

< 0.1

 

0.3

 

0.3

 

< 0.1

 

0.5

 

Manganese may be a component in the stainless steel needle.

 

Nickel (Ni)

mg/Nm3  

< 0.1

 

0.3

 

< 0.1

 

< 0.1

 

0.5

 

Nickel may be a component in the needle.

 

Antimony (Sb)

mg/Nm3  

< 0.2

 

< 0.2

 

< 0.2

 

< 0.2

 

0.5

 

Not expected in this waste.

 

Barium (Ba)

mg/Nm3  

< 0.5

 

< 0.5

 

< 0.5

 

< 0.5

 

0.5

 

Lower sensitivity due to presence in the filter material

 

Silver (Ag)

mg/Nm3  

< 0.2

 

< 0.2

 

< 0.2

 

< 0.2

 

0.5

 

Not expected in this waste.

 

Cobalt (Co)

mg/Nm3  

< 0.1

 

< 0.1

 

< 0.1

 

< 0.1

 

0.5

 

Cobalt might be present in stainless steel.

 

Copper (Cu)

mg/Nm3  

< 0.5

 

< 0.5

 

< 0.5

 

< 0.5

 

0.5

 

Lower sensitivity due to copper in the sample blanks. May be background in the analytical equipment.

 

Tin (Sn)

mg/Nm3  

< 0.2

 

< 0.2

 

< 0.2

 

< 0.2

 

0.5

 

Tin not expected in this waste.

 

Vanadium (V)

mg/Nm3  

< 0.1

 

< 0.1

 

0.4

 

< 0.1

 

0.5

 

Vanadium might be present in stainless steel.

 

Thallium (Tl)

mg/Nm3  

< 0.4

 

< 0.4

 

< 0.4

 

< 0.4

 

0.05

 

Not expected in this waste. Sensitivity of the x-ray method is adequate for ranking. Higher sensitivity not sought for this trial.

 

 

 

5.6.   MAIN FINDINGS OF THE LABORATORY TRIALS

 

The main conclusions drawn from the trials are as follows:

 

:::          All four units can be used to render medical waste non-infectious, and to destroy syringes or render needles unsuitable for reuse.

:::                           The largest potential health hazard arises from the emissions of smoke and soot.              (the combustion efficiency of all units lies outside the

regulatory standards). The risk to health can be reduced by training operators to avoid the smoke or by installation of a chimney at the site.

:::          The emissions from small scale incinerators are expected to be lower than those from a wood fire, but higher than a conventional fire-brick-

lined multi-chambered incinerator.

:::          Incomplete combustion, and the substantial formation of smoke at low height rendered the PaHuOy unit unacceptable for field trials. Figure 3

below shows this unit during a trial burn. Molten plastic flowed out of

the incinerator, blocked the primary combustion air feed vents, and burnt outside of the unit.

 

 

 

Figure 3: Photo of PaHuOy incinerator during trial burn

 

 

5.7.   COMPARISON OF THE FIELDS TRIALS WITH THE LABORATORY TRIALS

 

The CSIR performed a quantitative trial in the field for gas combustion efficiency, temperature profiles and mass destruction rate on the Molope Auto wood-fired unit at the Mogale Clinic.

 

The results of this trial are compared to the laboratory trial results below:

 

  • Waste loading: Disposable rubber gloves were observed in addition to needles syringes, glass vials, bandages, dressings, and paper w
  • Temperatures and combustion efficiency: The same performance in gas combustion        efficiency   was    obtained    for    wood    .

Temperatures were higher but for a shorter time and this was

correlated with the type of wood available to the clinic. The fuel was burnt out before the medical waste was destroyed completely and this resulted in lower temperatures, lower combustion efficiency and higher emissions while burning the waste.

  • Emissions: Large amounts of black smoke were observed and this was correlated directly to cooling of the unit as the wood fuel was exhausted

prior to full ignition of the waste.

  • Destruction efficiency: The destruction efficiency was similar to that in the laboratory measurem
  • Usability: The unit is difficult to control as the result of the variability of the quality of wood
  • Acceptability: the smoke was not acceptable to the clinic, the community, or the local

 

It was concluded that:

  • The performance with fuel alone indicates that laboratory trial data can be used to predict emissions in the
  • The Molope Auto unit is too difficult to control for the available staff and fuel at the

 

 

 

5.8.   RECOMMENDATIONS FROM THE LABORATORY TRIALS

 

The following recommendations are made as the result of the laboratory trials:

:::     A comprehensive operating manual must be supplied with each unit.

Adequate training in the operation of the units must be provided, especially focussed on safety issues.

:::     It is recommended that the height of the exhaust vent on all units be

addressed.     In order to facilitate the dispersion of emissions and reduce the exposure risk of the operators.

:::     The suppliers of the incinerators must provide instructions for the safe handling and disposal of ash.

 

 

 

5.9.   RECOMMENDATIONS FROM THE STEERING COMMITTEE

 

 

 

After completion of the laboratory trials, the project steering committee recommended that the Molope Gas and C&S Marketing units be submitted for field testing. The Molope Auto was recommended for field testing on the condition that the manufacturer modified the ash grate so as to prevent the spillage of partially burnt needles and syringes.

 

 

 

6.     FIELD TRIALS

 

6.1.   OBJECTIVE OF THE FIELD TRIALS

 

The objective of the field trials was to obtain information in the field and assess the strengths and weaknesses of each of the incinerators during use at primary health care clinics.

 

A participative decision making process was used for the trials. It was based on expert technical evaluation by the CSIR and the National Department of Health as well as participation in the trials by experienced end users and participating advisors. All decisions were made by the Steering Committee, which consisted of representatives of stakeholders in the clinical and medical waste disposal process. These included representatives from the National, Provincial, and Local Government departments of Health, Safety and the Environment, as well as Professional Associations, Unions, NGOs, UNICEF, the WHO and local community representatives.

 

6.2.   CLINIC SELECTION

 

The Provinces in which the trials were done selected clinics for the field trials. The criteria set by the Steering Committee for the selection of the clinics were the following:

 

  • Location must be rural or under-serviced with

y No medical waste removal

y No existing incineration

y No transport

  • It must be in a high-density population area
  • Acceptable environmental conditions must prevail
  • Community acceptance must be obtained
  • Operator skill level to be used must be at a level of illiteracy

 

The clinics that were selected were as follows:

 

  • Steinkopf Clinic – Northern Cape Province – Gas incinerator

 

 

  • Marydale Clinic – Northern Cape Province – Gas incinerator
  • Mogale Clinic – Gauteng Province             – Auto combustion

incinerator, wood-fired.

  • Chwezi Clinic – KwaZulu-Natal Province – Gas incinerator
  • Ethembeni Clinic- KwaZulu-Natal Province – Auto-combustion electrical

incinerator

 

 

 

 

 

 

MAP OF SOUTH AFRICA INDICATING WHERE THE CLINICS ARE SITUATED

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

NORTHERN PROVINCE

 

GAUTENG PROVINCE

 

 

 

 

 

NORTH WEST PROVINCE

MPUMALANGA PROVINCE

 

 

 

 

 

 

FREE STATE PROVINCE

 

 

NORTHERN CAPE PROVINCE

 

 

KWAZULU-NATAL PROVINCE

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

I:\UnitPublic\Valerie\Technet 99\Working papers\Session 3\rogers.doc

 

 

 

EASTERN CAPE PROVINCE

 

 

WESTERN CAPE PROVINCE

 

 

6.3.   COORDINATION OF THE TRIALS

 

The criteria for the ranking of the incinerators in accordance with performance in the field were:

 

  • Safety (occupational and public health)
  • Destruction capability
  • Usability
  • Community acceptability

 

The South African National Department of Health coordinated the field trials.

 

Information regarding the field trials as well as questionnaires were supplied to the coordinators in the participating provinces.

 

The team in the field consisted of the operator, supervisor and inspector (coordinator). The manufacturer of the incinerators did the training of the operators.

 

The questionnaires used during the trials were set so as to obtain information with regard to the criteria set for the ranking of the incinerators in accordance with performance in the field. The questionnaires were received from the clinics at two-weekly intervals.

 

Questions with regard to the criteria were the following:

 

A.  SAFETY (occupational and public health)

 

  • Smoke Emission

y Volume and thickness

y Colour

y Odour

  • Ash Content
  • Are the filled sharps boxes and soiled dressings stored in a locked location while waiting to be incinerated?

 

 

 

B.  DESTRUCTION CAPABILITY

 

  • Destruction Rate

y Complete

y Partial

y Minimal

y Residue content

 

C.  USABILITY (for the available staff)

  • Can the incinerator be used easily?

 

 

  • Is the process of incineration safe?
  • Has training been successful?
  • Is protective clothing such as gloves, goggles, dust masks and safety boots available?

 

D.  COMMUNITY ACCEPTABILITY

 

  • What is the opinion of the following persons on the use of the incinerator?

y Operator

y Nurse

y Head of the clinic

y Local Authority representative

y Community leader

 

During the trials the clinics were visited and the incinerators evaluated by members of the Steering Committee and the CSIR as well as Dr L Diaz from WHO, Mr M Lainejoki from UNICEF and the coordinator from the National Department of Health.

 

6.4.   QUESTIONNAIRE RESULTS

 

6.4.1.      MOGALE CLINIC

 

Type of incinerator at the clinic: Molope Auto-Combustion (Fired with wood)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Figure 4 & 5: Molope Auto wood-fired incinerator during field trials at Mogale clinic

 

 

A.               SAFETY (occupational and public health)

 

  1. The process of incineration with this unit was considered by the operator, supervisor and the inspector as unsafe because there is no protective cage around the During the process the incinerator becomes very hot and this could result in injury to the operator.

 

  1. The smoke emission of this incinerator had a volume and thickness which was heavy and black, with a distinct unpleasant odour, and was considered This could cause a pollution problem.

 

 

 

B.               DESTRUCTION CAPABILITY

 

  1. The needles and vials were not completely destroyed but were rendered unsuitable for re-use.

 

  1. The soft medical waste was completely destroy

 

 

 

C.               USABILITY

 

Difficulty in controlling the operating temperature and avoiding smoke emissions made this incinerator user unfriendly.

 

D.               COMMUNITY ACCEPTABILITY

 

As a result of the heavy, black smoke emission the unit was not acceptable to the community.

 

 

6.4.2.      ETHEMBENI CLINIC:

 

 

Figure 6: C&S Marketing Auto Combust Electrical Incinerator At Ethembeni Clinic

 

 

 

Type Of Incinerator: C&S Auto-Combustion (Uses an electrically actuated fan)

 

 

 

A.               SAFETY (occupational and public health)

 

  1. The operator, supervisor and inspector considered this incinerator easy to operate with no danger to the Removal of the ash from the drum for disposal in a pit is, however, considered difficult, as the drum is heavy. Removal of the incinerator lid before it has been allowed to cool has been identified as a potential danger to the operator.

 

  1. Emission of smoke from this incinerator was not considered ex The volume and thickness was evaluated as moderate with no pollution experienced.

 

 

 

B.               DESTRUCTION CAPABILITY

 

  1. The needles and vials were not completely destroyed but were rendered unsuitable for re-use.
  2. The soft medical waste was completely destroy

 

 

 

C.               USABILITY

 

Considered user friendly by operator, supervisor and inspector.

 

D.               COMMUNITY ACCEPTABILITY

 

The incinerator was accepted by the community and was not considered to be harmful.

 

 

 

6.4.3.      CHWEZI CLINIC, MARYDALE CLINIC AND STEINKOPF CLINIC:

 

Type of incinerator: Molope Gas incinerator

 

Figure 7:       Molope Gas incinerator during field trials at Marydale clinic

 

A.               SAFETY (occupational and public health)

 

  1. The operator, supervisor and inspector considered this incinerator easy to operate with minimal danger to the
  2. Smoke emissions were not excessive and were reported to be minim

 

B.               DESTRUCTION CAPABILITY

 

  1. Sharps not completely destroyed but were rendered unsuitable for re-use.

 

 

  1. Soft medical waste completely destroy

 

C.               USABILITY

 

This incinerator was considered user friendly.

 

 

 

D.               COMMUNITY ACCEPTABILITY

 

 

 

The incinerator was accepted by the community and was not considered to be harmful.

 

 

 

6.5.   RANKING

 

 

INCINERATOR RANKING
Molope Gas 1
C&S Auto-Combustion (Uses electrical fan)  

2

Molope Auto- Combustion (Fired with

wood, coal also an option)

 

3

 

 

 

 

6.6.   OUTCOME OF THE FIELD TRIALS

 

Incinerator Safety Destruction Capability Usability Community Acceptability
Molope Gas Good Good Good Good
C&S Auto- Combustion

(Uses Electricity)

 

Good

 

Good

 

Good

 

Good

Molope Auto-

Combust Incinerator

Un-Acceptable Good Un-Acceptable Un-Acceptable

 

BIO WASTE INCINERATOR

50 kg/  hour  capacity incinerators

·        Burning Rate: 50kos/hr

·        Feed Capacity:  150kqs

·        Primary  Combustion  Chamber:  900 liters

·        Secondary  Combustion  Chamber:  300 liters

·        Mix Combustion  Chamber:  Yes

·        Smoke Filter Chamber:  Yes

·        Feed Mode: Manual

·        Power: 0.7Kw

·        Fuel Type: Diesel Oil/ Natural Gas/LPG

·        Internal Dimensions:  120 x 90 x 85cm (primary  chamber)

·        External  Dimensions:  200 x 160 x 310cm (without  chimney)

·        Burning  Efficiency:  >98%

small  scale medical waste  incinerators.The required burning capacity of those incinerators are 10 kg and 15 kg/hr .The fuel oil using for those incinerator is diesel oil .

Hot Medical Waste Disposing Machine Burn rate per hour: 250 -300kg/hr

Incinerator should be smokeless, odourless combustion and it should be made by high-quality cast, insulation, and steel plate as well as minimum generation of dust. Moreover the incinerator should be corrosion resistant. 
 

Type

Pyrolytic:- Hot Medical Waste Disposing Machine

 

Operation Condition

8-16 Hr /day

Controls

Built in data recording

Incinerator
/Primary Combustion Chamber

Type: continuous loading

Capacity/Burn rate per hour: 250 -300kg/hr

Temperature:  900-1200 oC

 

Material:

External- 3 layers

Internal lining:  a fire proof material of pre-fired refractory bricks with Aluminium lining, resistant to corrosive waste or gas and to thermal shock

Secondary
Combustion
Chamber

Type: horizontal/vertical

Temperature: 1200-1400 oC

Residence time of gases : >2 seconds

 

Material

External- Low thermal mass insulation 14-30 oC

Internal lining:  a fire proof material of pre-fired refractory bricks with Aluminium nettle lining, resistant to corrosive waste or gas and to thermal shock.

Ash Handling System

Both Automatic and manual removal of Ash. Must ensure removal/treatment of hazardous remnants of ash.

Flue gas treatment   system  

 

 

 

 

Capable of treating the flow of flue  gas as the incinerator is operating at its maximum capacity

Auxiliary device: Water level gauge, pressure sensor, PH sensor..etc.

Auxiliary device: Fuel cut off device

Waste  feeding mechanism

Automatic pneumatic/hydraulic waste loading system or conveyor belt , capacity 650-800L at a time                                                                                                                                      

Chimney (Stack)

Type: Vertical type

height: 7-10 meters

Material: Fireproof cast, stainless steel

Wet scrubbing system

Vertical sprat tower with baffles or packing inside

Gas emission

Reduction of Pollutant gas SO2, HCL, HF and line particulate

OUTPUT

ASH -Max <5% of original waste size

GAS- SMOKELESS,ODORLESS

Emission standard

WHO/ European

Test report for emission testing

Must be provided

Product Data sheet/ Catalogue

Must be attached to the ITB

Additional Requirement

 Local agent or branch in Ethiopia

 Training for users as well as for EPHI maintenance staff  on preventive maintenance

 Fuel tanker with a minimum capacity of 2500 litre (made of plastic material with overfill prevention valve ,fuel gauge, lifting eyes)

 The bidder should be willing to sign at least a five years’ service and maintenance agreement with the client (EPHI)

 The supplier shall arrange by itself lifting equipment and labour needed during the installation, testing and commissioning of the incinerator

 

Hot Sale Small Scale Waste Incinerators 30 and 50 kgs per hour capacity

incinerators at three facilities to process healthcare waste

a. 2.5 metric tons per day healthcare waste incinerator

b. 1.5 metric tons per day healthcare waste incinerator

c. 300 kg per day healthcare waste incinerator

Our preferred technology is double-chamber incineration, but if you recommend an alternative technology, that is acceptable as well.

We request information on the following for each of the above requirements:

1. Capital cost (delivered cost in Oman)

2. Operation and maintenance costs (per year)

3. Number of operators required

4. Product specifications (sizes, temperatures, residence time, cycle time etc)

5. Other auxiliary equipment that is required or recommended by you

HICLOVER TS Model Incinerator


Phone: +86-13813931455(whatsapp/wechat)
Website: http://www.hiclover.com/ 

Nanjing Clover Medical Technology Co.,Ltd.

HICLOVER Incinerator/Parts Range

Main Feature

Medical Waste Incinerators

HICLOVER 10-500kgs/Hr.Double Combustion Chambers

Single Combustion Chamber

Small, Cheap,10-20kgs/Hr.

Three Combustion Chambers(Optional)

3 Ranked for high risk waste

Pet Cremation Equipment

For Pet(small/big) Cremation Business

Animal Incineration Equipment

For additional creature incineration


Items/Model

TS100(PLC)

TS150(PLC)

TS300(PLC)

TS500(PLC)

Burn Rate (Typical )

100 kg/hour

150 kg/hour

300 kg/hour

500 kg/hour

Control Mode

PLC Auto.

PLC Auto.

PLC Auto.

Combustion Chamber

1200L

1500L

2000L

3000L

Internal Dimensions

120x100x100cm

150x100x100cm

170x120x100cm

210x120x120cm

Secondary Chamber

600L

750L

1000L

1500L

Smoke Filter Chamber

Dry Scrubber

Dry Scrubber

Dry Scrubber

Dry Scrubber

Feed Mode

Manual

Manual

Manual

Manual

Voltage

220V

220V

220V

220V

Power

1.38Kw

1.69Kw

2.57Kw

4.88Kw

Diesel Oil Consumption (kg/hour)

Ave.20.4

Ave.24.2

Ave.33

Ave.44

Natural Gas Consumption (m3n/hour)

Ave.24.5

Ave.29

Ave.39.6

Ave.52.8

Infection Monitor

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Temperature Protection

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Oil Tank

200L

300L

500L

500L

Chimney

10Meter

10Meter

14Meter

14Meter

Chimney Type

Stainless Steel

Stainless Steel

Stainless Steel

Stainless Steel

1st. Chamber Temperature

800℃–1000℃

800℃–1000℃

800℃–1000℃

800℃–1000℃

2nd. Chamber Temperature

1000℃-1200℃

1000℃-1200℃

1000℃-1200℃

1000℃-1200℃

Residency Time

2.0 Sec.

2.0 Sec.

2.0 Sec.

2.0 Sec.

Gross Weight

6000kg

8500kg

11000kg

16000kg

External Dimensions

260x150x180cm

300x160x190cm

400x210x300cm

450x210x300cm




UNAMID  supports  its  dependants  via  the  operation  of  several  self-sustained  camps located  across the  mission  AOR.   These camps contain  all elements representative of small communities.  These communities include hospitals and medical  facilities, power generation  stations, grocery shops, kitchen  and dining facilities and large scale use of packaged   material in plastic,  cardboard and similar. The waste generated  in  these camps  are  therefore   representative   of  average   small   communities without   heavy industry.   The  main objective of this document  is  to  provide potential bidders  with necessary   information   to   supply   the   large   capacity   containerized   incinerators   to UNA M I D as described  in subsequent clauses.
1. Medical waste incinerator – Small
2. Medical waste incinerator – Medium
3. General waste incinerator – Small
4. General waste incinerator – Medium
5. General waste incinerator – Large
5. General waste incinerator – Large with automated feeding system
Supply of Medical and General waste incinerators
FOR THE PROVISION OF
LARGE CAPACITY CONTAINERIZED INCINERATOR AND ACCESSORIES

The proposed   incinerators shall  be  built  into standard  20ft  lSO contai ners or alternatively built into similar footprint complete with  ISO load  handling facil ities (hooks噜  eyelets, etc). The number of conta iners/container sized  modules required  for each  unit is at the discretion of the Contractor.
•Thermocouple
•temperature gauge
•fire rope 
•burn er  
•induction air fan
•digital temperature display panel
The incinerator combustion chamber(s) should be designed for easy maintenance of all internal parts including the refractory and insulation. Materials used in the individual parts of the incinerator shall be heat resistance and also be protected against oxidation, corrosion , etc. The incinerator shell shall be made of mild steel with an adequate thickness (minimum 15 mm) and painted externally with heat resistant aluminium paint suitable to withstand 250 °C. The outside surface temperature of the incinerator casing should not exceed 50 °C above ambient temperature and shall include a safety mesh around all hot surfaces. Cold face refractory lining of calcium silicate or superior material, minimum thickness 100mm.
•Heavy steel construction.
•Fixed hearth geometry and starved air gasification operationa l mode.
•Hot face refractory concrete-ceramic suitable for thermal shock up to  1400 Celsius and abrasion. Minimum thickness  150mm.
•Cold face refractory lining of calciu m si l icate or superior material, minimum thickness 100mm.
•Refractory  lining of all the ducts shall be done with refractory castings. Su perior quality ceramic wool shall be used at all hot duct flanges and expansion j oints.
•Multi ple electric ignition fuel bu rners designed to use automotive d iesel fuel.
•Flame of the primary burner shall be oriented towards the center of the uni t which does not impinge directly on the refractory floor or wall. The secondary burner shall be positioned in such a way that the flue gas passes through the flame.
•The unit shal l prevent leakage of the hot flue gas and any backfire.
HICLOVER Solution for Fighting COVID-19, Medical Waste Incinerator

 

2020-09-17


INCINERATOR TESTING AND COMMISSIONING

A flue chimney, 15,000mm long and 560mm diameter shall be constructed from steel sheet, complete with lagging, damper and rain water protection cone.  The chimney shall be lined with castable grade diatomaceous concrete mixed with high alumina cement in accordance with BS 4076: 1989.

The damper will control the closing of the door to not less than 85%.  The stack is to allow fresh air at the stock’s base so that the flue gases are discharged at not move then 4000 C and that the discharge conforms to the British Clean Air Act, the National Environment Management Agency (NEMA) Act or other relevant acts. .

1.1.4    POWER SUPPLY

The sub-contractor shall supply equipment which are suitable for running on a 415V, 3 phase, 50HZ or 240V, single phase, 50HZ electric power supply.

1.1.5   OIL STORAGE AND SUPPLY

The system shall consist of a bulk oil storage tank, daily tank, transfer hand fuel pump and associated pipe work.  Oil from the bulk storage tank will be delivered to a high level daily tank situated in the incinerator room by use of a transfer hand pump and automatic electric pump.

1.1.6    SPARES AND MANUALS

The tenderer is to submit with his tender a list of recommended initial stock of spares together with their prices.  A part from the burner spares mentioned here below, the spares prices are not to be included in the main summary of prices schedule but is to be separate and are meant to be ordered later if and when it becomes necessary and convenient to the client.  The burner spares whose prices are to be included in the main summary of prices schedule (BQ) are:-

i)     1No. Set of safety controls
ii)    1No. Solenoid valve
iii)    1No. Oil ignition system
iv)    2No. Photo-electric cells

Two sets of operating and maintenance manuals (both for the incinerator and burners) must also be supplied. This include two sets of control schematic diagrams for all the controls and wiring.

1.1.7   BULK OIL STORAGE TANK

The bulk oil storage tank nominal capacity of 10,200 litres and complying with BS 799 part 5: 1975 shall be positioned on three concrete cradles.

The works shall include supply, delivery, assembling, erection, testing, commissioning and setting to work.  The tank is to be of welded mild steel type with a design pressure of  40KN/m2 and storage temperature of 240  C.  It is to be located adjacent to the incinerator and boiler house.

The tank shall be cylindrical with dished end and be constructed of 6mm thick block mild steel plates in accordance with BS 1966.  Number one quality galvanised materials shall not be used.Welded construction parts shall be sprayed.

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The tank shall be pressure tested with a total head of water or equivalent, measured from the base of the tank, and equal to 1½ times the sum of:

(i)     The height of the tank and
(ii)    The design head above the top of the tank that is 3.5m of water.

The pressure shall be raised slowly and steadily until the specified test pressure is reached and that pressure shall be maintained for a period long enough to permit a thorough examination to be made to ensure that the tank is sound enough and shows no leaks or undue distortion.  Welded joints shall be radiographed and a certificate issued.  Should any defects be found, they shall be made good and the test procedure repeated until the tank is certified to be sound.  The tests shall be carried out in the presence of the Engineer and subsequently, the sub-contractor will provide the Engineer with the test certificate.

The tank shall then be cleaned externally and provided with rust inhibiting primer before applying 2No. coats of bituminous paint.  The inside shall also be cleaned and purged of any foreign matter before setting to work.

Ladders and platforms shall be thoroughly cleaned and freed from rust and scale and painted with a priming coat of approved paint.

The tank shall be provided with the following:-

(i)    450mm bolted inspection covers with liquid and vapour tight joint made with a gasket of fuel resistant materials.
(ii)    75mm (3”) vent socket screwed B-SP and pipe at the higher end of the tank with an unloading device to prevent the rise in tank pressure above the design pressure.  The vent pipe shall be free from bends and shall have a continuous rise while being as short as convenient.  It shall terminate in open air in a position where it cannot be tampered with.  The open end shall be turned down and fitted with an open mesh wire cage.
(iii)    65mm diameter filling pipe with hose coupling connection
(iv)    50mm diameter gauging connection with lockable cap.
(v)     50mm diameter supply pipe
(vi)     25mm diameter water drain-off value

The tenderer shall supply hydrostatic oil contents gauge (level indicator) or a
properly calibrated stick (of dip tape) and access ladder to the top of the tank.

The filling pipe shall be extended inside the tank to within 150mm of tank bottom,
complete with anti-siphoning device.

The following information shall be permanently and clearly marked on the tank on the
centre line near the outlet connection.

•    Gross capacity in litres
•    Test pressure
•    Date of test
•    Maximum allowable working pressure
•    Manufacturer’s name of trade mark
•    Year of manufacture
•    The number of British standard and type of tank

The tank shall be installed with a 25mm fall towards the water drain-off tapping point.  The supply socket shall be extended inside the tank to prevent ingress of water in the supply line.  The main contractor shall construct tank supports and bund walls to detail drawings produced by the sub-contractor.  A valued drain off from the lowest part of the tank shall be provided complete with tail pipe and a provision for hose connection.

E-5

1.1.8    TRANSFER HAND PUMP

A semi rotary hand pump shall be provided for filling the day storage tank from the oil drum.  It shall be installed complete with all the necessary plumbing fittings and accessories.

1.1.9   DAILY SERVICE TANK

A daily storage tank of nominal capacity 1,800Litres shall be mounted at 2.5 metre high level in the incinerator room.   Tank shall be manufactured from 6mm thick pressed steel plates of 1220mm x 1220mm black mild steel sheet, complete with bolted cover and adequate venting.  The tank shall conform to BS 799 part 5 1995 and be provided with a contents sight tube. The tank shall be lagged with 50mm thick fibre glass insulation of 0.4W/m2 thermal conductivity and finished with 20SWG galvanized sheets cladding.

The tank shall be tested for any leaks of which if any is detected will be made good before the tank is painted externally with rust inhibiting paint. Tank to be securely bolted.

1.1.10  AUXILLIARY EQUIPMENT

All pipework used in the oil storage systems shall be to B.S. 1387 heavy grade.  Joints shall be screwed, and sufficient unions must be provided to allow easy dismantling the equipment.

A 25mm diameter fire valve of the quick action lever operated dead weight type shall be installed, in the oil flow line.  This shall be held in the open position by a light gauge steel cable attached to a fusible link.  The fusible link shall be mounted directly over the burner.  The warm burner oil feed pipe from the high level day tank shall be heated by an electric tracing tape properly wrapped around the pipe.  The pipe shall then be insulated with 25mm thick fibre glass insulation and finished with gauge 22swg galvanized steel sheet.

The supply pipe from the bulk oil storage tank to the high level day has been installed by others but the tenderer shall allow for connection to the high level day tank.  The tenderer shall also supply and install high capacity strainers along the supply pipe and the burner feed pipe.

1.1.11   PIPE SUPPORTS

The variety and type of supports shall be kept to a minimum and their design shall be such as to facilitate guide and secure fixing to match concrete masonry or wood.

Consideration shall be given when designing supports to the maintenance of desired pipe fall and the restraining of pipe movements to a longitudinal axial direction only.

The sub-contractor shall supply and install all steel work forming part of pipe support assemblies and shall be responsible for making good any damage to builders work associated with builders work installation.

Pipe runs shall be secured by clips connected to pipe hangers, wall brackets or trapeze type supports.  ‘U’ bolts shall not be used for clips without prior approval of the Engineer.

The sub-contractor shall submit his entire proposal for the pipe supports to the Engineer for approval before any erection work commences.

1.1.12   ELECTRICAL WORKS

All wiring between items, plant and controls shall be executed by the tenderer. The tenderer shall provide adequate supervision to ensure that electrical connections are correctly made to all items of equipment and controls supplied by him, all to the Project Manager’s / Engineer’s satisfaction.

E-6

1.1.13    INCINERATOR TESTING AND COMMISSIONING

The tenderer shall test and commission the incinerator in the presence of the Engineer.The tenderer shall also provide sufficient oil to last at least two (2) hours.  The tenderer shall test and commission the incinerator in the presence of the Engineer and verify that the incinerator is functioning according to the specifications laid here-in and in the catalogues and manuals from the suppliers of he incinerator.The incinerator performance test shall be carried out in accordance to BS3316: part 4:1987.Should any defect be detected, it shall be rectified and the testing process repeated to the Project Manager’s satisfaction.

1.1.14    FIRE INSTRUCTION NOTICE

Proceed and procure and install as below;

Print fire instruction on the Perspex plate, 3mm thick with White Colour
Background measuring 510mm lengthx380mm width as follows;